👨‍💻
CTFs
HomePlaygroundOSCPBuy Me a Flag 🚩
  • 🚩Zeyu's CTF Writeups
  • Home
  • Playground
  • OSCP
  • My Challenges
    • SEETF 2023
    • The InfoSecurity Challenge 2022
    • SEETF 2022
    • Cyber League Major 1
    • STANDCON CTF 2021
      • Space Station
      • Star Cereal
      • Star Cereal 2
      • Mission Control
      • Rocket Science
      • Space University of Interior Design
      • Rocket Ship Academy
      • Space Noise
  • 2023
    • DEF CON CTF 2023 Qualifiers
    • hxp CTF
      • true_web_assembly
    • HackTM CTF Qualifiers
      • Crocodilu
      • secrets
      • Hades
  • 2022
    • niteCTF 2022
      • Undocumented js-api
      • js-api
    • STACK the Flags 2022
      • Secret of Meow Olympurr
      • The Blacksmith
      • GutHib Actions
      • Electrogrid
      • BeautyCare
    • LakeCTF Qualifiers
      • People
      • Clob-Mate
      • So What? Revenge
    • The InfoSecurity Challenge 2022
      • Level 1 - Slay The Dragon
      • Level 2 - Leaky Matrices
      • Level 3 - PATIENT0
      • Level 4B - CloudyNekos
      • Level 5B - PALINDROME's Secret (Author Writeup)
    • BalsnCTF 2022
      • 2linenodejs
      • Health Check
    • BSidesTLV 2022 CTF
      • Smuggler
      • Wild DevTools
      • Tropical API
    • Grey Cat The Flag 2022
    • DEF CON CTF 2022 Qualifiers
    • Securinets CTF Finals 2022
      • StrUggLe
      • XwaSS ftw?
      • Strong
      • Artist
    • NahamCon CTF 2022
      • Flaskmetal Alchemist
      • Hacker TS
      • Two For One
      • Deafcon
      • OTP Vault
      • Click Me
      • Geezip
      • Ostrich
      • No Space Between Us
    • Securinets CTF Quals 2022
      • Document-Converter
      • PlanetSheet
      • NarutoKeeper
    • CTF.SG CTF
      • Asuna Waffles
      • Senpai
      • We know this all too well
      • Don't Touch My Flag
      • Wildest Dreams Part 2
      • Chopsticks
    • YaCTF 2022
      • Shiba
      • Flag Market
      • Pasteless
      • Secretive
      • MetaPDF
      • Crackme
    • DiceCTF 2022
      • knock-knock
      • blazingfast
    • TetCTF 2022
      • 2X-Service
      • Animals
      • Ezflag Level 1
  • 2021
    • hxp CTF 2021
    • HTX Investigator's Challenge 2021
    • Metasploit Community CTF
    • MetaCTF CyberGames
      • Look, if you had one shot
      • Custom Blog
      • Yummy Vegetables
      • Ransomware Patch
      • I Hate Python
      • Interception
    • CyberSecurityRumble CTF
      • Lukas App
      • Finance Calculat0r 2021
      • Personal Encryptor with Nonbreakable Inforation-theoretic Security
      • Enterprice File Sharing
      • Payback
      • Stonks Street Journal
    • The InfoSecurity Challenge (TISC) 2021
      • Level 4 - The Magician's Den
      • Level 3 - Needle in a Greystack
      • Level 2 - Dee Na Saw as a need
      • Level 1 - Scratching the Surface
    • SPbCTF's Student CTF Quals
      • 31 Line PHP
      • BLT
      • CatStep
    • Asian Cyber Security Challenge (ACSC) 2021
      • Cowsay As A Service
      • Favorite Emojis
      • Baby Developer
      • API
      • RSA Stream
      • Filtered
      • NYONG Coin
    • CSAW CTF Qualification Round 2021
      • Save the Tristate
      • securinotes
      • no pass needed
      • Gatekeeping
      • Ninja
    • YauzaCTF 2021
      • Yauzacraft Pt. 2
      • Yauzabomber
      • RISC 8bit CPU
      • ARC6969 Pt. 1
      • ARC6969 Pt. 2
      • Back in 1986 - User
      • Lorem-Ipsum
    • InCTF 2021
      • Notepad 1 - Snakehole's Secret
      • RaaS
      • MD Notes
      • Shell Boi
      • Listen
      • Ermittlung
      • Alpha Pie
    • UIUCTF 2021
      • pwnies_please
      • yana
      • ponydb
      • SUPER
      • Q-Rious Transmissions
      • capture the :flag:
      • back_to_basics
      • buy_buy_buy
    • Google CTF 2021
      • CPP
      • Filestore
    • TyphoonCon CTF 2021
      • Clubmouse
      • Impasse
    • DSTA BrainHack CDDC21
      • File It Away (Pwn)
      • Linux Rules the World! (Linux)
      • Going Active (Reconnaissance)
      • Behind the Mask (Windows)
      • Web Takedown Episode 2 (Web)
      • Break it Down (Crypto)
    • BCACTF 2.0
      • L10N Poll
      • Challenge Checker
      • Discrete Mathematics
      • Advanced Math Analysis
      • Math Analysis
      • American Literature
      • More Than Meets the Eye
      • 􃗁􌲔􇺟􊸉􁫞􄺷􄧻􃄏􊸉
    • Zh3ro CTF V2
      • Chaos
      • Twist and Shout
      • 1n_jection
      • alice_bob_dave
      • Baby SSRF
      • bxxs
      • Sparta
    • Pwn2Win CTF 2021
      • C'mon See My Vulns
      • Illusion
    • NorzhCTF 2021
      • Leet Computer
      • Secure Auth v0
      • Triskel 3: Dead End
      • Triskel 2: Going In
      • Triskel 1: First Contact
      • Discovery
    • DawgCTF 2021
      • Bofit
      • Jellyspotters
      • No Step On Snek
      • Back to the Lab 2
      • MDL Considered Harmful
      • Really Secure Algorithm
      • The Obligatory RSA Challenge
      • Trash Chain
      • What the Flip?!
      • Back to the Lab 1
      • Back to the Lab 3
      • Dr. Hrabowski's Great Adventure
      • Just a Comment
      • Baby's First Modulation
      • Two Truths and a Fib
    • UMDCTF 2021
      • Advantageous Adventures
      • Roy's Randomness
      • Whose Base Is It Anyway
      • Cards Galore
      • Pretty Dumb File
      • Minetest
      • Donnie Docker
      • Subway
      • Jump Not Easy
      • To Be XOR Not To Be
      • Office Secrets
      • L33t M4th
      • Bomb 2 - Mix Up
      • Jay
    • Midnight Sun CTF 2021
      • Corporate MFA
      • Gurkburk
      • Backups
    • picoCTF 2021
      • It Is My Birthday (100)
      • Super Serial (130)
      • Most Cookies (150)
      • Startup Company (180)
      • X marks the spot (250)
      • Web Gauntlet (170 + 300)
      • Easy Peasy (40)
      • Mini RSA (70)
      • Dachshund Attacks (80)
      • No Padding, No Problem (90)
      • Trivial Flag Transfer Protocol (90)
      • Wireshark twoo twooo two twoo... (100)
      • Disk, Disk, Sleuth! (110 + 130)
      • Stonks (20)
    • DSO-NUS CTF 2021
      • Insecure (100)
      • Easy SQL (200)
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • Description
  • Solution
  • BB84
  • Bruteforcing the Basis
  • Getting the Key
  • References

Was this helpful?

  1. 2021
  2. CSAW CTF Qualification Round 2021

Save the Tristate

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

Description

So it was just another day in Danville when Phineas and Ferb were making a new device to communicate with Meep as he travels across the galaxy. To make a device suitable for galatic communication and secure enough to be safe from alien hackers, they decide to protect their device with QKD! Unfortunately, due to Phineas & Co singing their usual musical numbers about their inventions, Doofenshmirtz has caught wind of this technology and wants to use it to take over the Tristate area, using his brand new Qubit-Disrupt-inator. Naturally I, Major Monogram, have to send you, Perry the Platypus, on a mission to stop Doofenshmirtz from disrupting Phineas and Ferb's qubits with his diabolical inator. So grab your tiny fedora and doo-bee-doo-bee-doo-ba-doo your way over to stop Doofenshmirtz! Mission:

  • Receive # of qubits that translate to the flag

  • Measure qubits in your own basis

  • Monogram tells you how many qubits were measured correctly, but not which ones

  • Go back and fix it

  • Get it right

nc misc.chal.csaw.io 5001

Solution

BB84

To solve this challenge, one has to understand the BB84 protocol.

Alice and Bob want to share a secret key over a potentially insecure channel.

  1. Alice generates N bits and N bases (either + or x). She encodes the generated bits as qubits in the bases she has chosen.

  2. Bob also randomly chooses N bases. He reads the qubits sent by Alice and measures them using the bases he generated. Note that Bob has a 50% chance of generating the same basis as Alice for each bit - otherwise, Bob will measure the bits wrongly.

  3. Alice and Bob share their basis with each other and get rid of every bit that was measured by different bases.

Note that at this point, Bob and Alice would share a common secret, which is the sequence of bits that were measured correctly with the same basis. They can then verify part of the shared bits with each other.

This method is secure, because if an eavesdropper, Eve, had interfered with the quantum channel, then Alice and Bob will disagree on the "verification bits" and Eve would be unveiled.

Bruteforcing the Basis

This challenge is a little different, though. The server tells us how many basis we got right, but not which ones. We can simply bruteforce this, though, by making sure that the number of errors remains at 0.

from pwn import *
from Crypto.Util.number import *

conn = remote("misc.chal.csaw.io", 5001)

length = 1
curr = ''
prev_checked = '+'

print(conn.recvuntil(b"? \r\n").decode())

while True:    
    conn.sendline((str(length)).encode())
    print(conn.recvuntil(b": \r\n").decode())

    if prev_checked == '+':
        to_check = 'x'
    else:
        to_check = '+'
    
    prev_checked = to_check

    conn.sendline((curr + to_check).encode())

    if length != 256:
        received = conn.recvuntil(b"? \r\n").decode()
    else:
        received = conn.recv().decode()
    
    print(received)

    if 'Errors: 0' in received:
        curr += to_check
        length += 1

        print("Current:", curr)

        if length > 256:
            break

Getting the Key

After we get all 256 basis right, we are given the measured qubits. Note that at this point, we share the same basis as the server, so all of the bits will be used as part of the key. We simply have to decode the bit values, based on the basis of each bit, to get the key.

Adding on to the script above:

data = received
data += conn.recvuntil("What is the key?").decode()
print(data)

key = 0
for line in data.splitlines():
    
    # 0 + 1i
    if line.startswith('0.0'):
        key *= 2
        key += 1
    
    # 1 + 0i
    elif line.startswith('1.0'):
        key *= 2
        key += 0
    
    # 0.707 + 0.707i
    elif line.startswith('0.707'):
        key *= 2
        key += 0
    
    # -0.707 + 0.707i
    elif line.startswith('-0.707'):
        key *= 2
        key += 1

    elif line.startswith("What is the key?"):
        break

    else:
        pass

print(bin(key))
print(str(key))

conn.interactive()

It turns out the key is a string. Submit the key to get the flag!

>>> long_to_bytes(43931681853956549478184553086187289692451455473923533011002686733443258084897)
b'a semi-aquatic mammal of action!'

The flag is flag{MO0O0O0O0M PH1NE4S & F3RB R T4LK1NG 2 AL1ENS 0V3R QKD!!!}

References

PreviousCSAW CTF Qualification Round 2021Nextsecurinotes

Last updated 3 years ago

Was this helpful?

https://devel0pment.de/?p=1533
https://ctftime.org/writeup/18212